It is not designed to teach you to drive but, again as part of defensive driving, an occasional test drive with a reputable driving instructor (particularly for older drivers) is a good idea.

The most important factor in being a defensive driver is you. If you do not feel well or confident enough to drive then don't. One of the most difficult things in life when you have your bags already packed and the kids raring to go, or if you have a business meeting to get to, is having to cancel or postpone because circumstances are not right. However, if you are feeling below par such as going down with a cold (or nowadays Covid-19 !), have a hangover, or the weather is atrocious then consider doing the sensible thing and delaying your departure. Some people look at it as 'losing face' but it is better to be safe than to risk lives – yours, your family or other innocent road users.

Stress levels

Reduce your stress levels as far as possible. Plan your route allowing sufficient time to avoid having to rush. Set your satnav/phone up with your route or check your maps to choose the best route and avoid getting lost or having to drive through town centres at rush hour. It is a good idea to check with the Michelin route planner* which, apart from suggesting alternative routes, will give up-to-date facts on roadworks and accidents which could cause hold-ups. Always bear in mind that it is better to arrive late than not to arrive at all.

Check the basic features of your car. Walk around to check there are no tyre problems and no puddles underneath and check/fill up the screen washer container. On getting in your car check mirrors and seat position are correct. Make sure your windscreen is clean both outside and inside. Insects, bird droppings or other dirt can not only obscure something but, particularly if you are tired, your eyes may subconsciously focus on these rather than the road ahead. The inside of the screen is often overlooked but, over time, becomes coated with a greasy film which when driving against the sun can make the screen almost opaque,

Credits: envato elements;

Driving alone

If you are driving alone set up your car computer before setting off – rather than having to do so when driving. If driving an internal combustion engine check the fuel level or if electric where are suitable charging points. No red or orange lights on the dashboard? Shortly after proceeding check your brakes – working and not pulling to the side?

After this relax and enjoy your journey, after having read all the 'Defensive Driving' articles.

* www.viamichelin.com

Author

Qualified as an Optometrist specialising in non-spectacle vision correction i.e. contact lenses and laser reshaping.

Commercial plot and flying instructor. Came to Carvoeiro in 2000 and worked in both jobs. Part of a team teaching Defensive Driving techniques in the U.K. - mainly the optical side but also sitting in to listen to the rest of the team.

Now retired but with a great interest in dementia with the fees from this article going to the Alzheimers Society of Portugal.

Roy Carpenter